资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
【网络强国这十年】志翔科技蒋天仪:“跨向”新赛道,有偶然也有必然******
【网络强国这十年——行业回顾篇】
传统模式下,电力公司主要依照“首次强制检定、限期使用和到期轮换”的计量法律法规和检定规程措施规定来进行智能电表的运行管理。
这种方式需要耗费大量的人力物力,且在高效解决智能电表运行期内状态监测和评估问题方面,还有较大提升空间。为此,志翔科技发挥自身大数据分析技术优势,推出了智能电能表状态评价与更换产品,帮助电力企业解决电表状态评估和失准分析等难题,让智能电能表的检定和轮换由传统人工拆回或现场检定、“8年到期轮换”,转变为在线实时诊断和有针对性的“失准更换”。
近日,志翔科技总裁蒋天仪做客光明网“网络强国这十年”专栏,畅谈大数据技术如何助力电力行业进行数字化转型。
在2014年志翔科技初创时,团队定位于通过大数据技术切入安全领域。此后,经过两年时间的不断打磨,产品初见成效,并开始向更多行业进行市场拓展。
谈及为什么从数据安全赛道“跨”到工业互联网领域、深耕电力行业,蒋天仪表示,存在“偶然中的必然”。
他介绍,最初接触电力行业的需求后,团队发现相比数据安全,这个行业在通过数据采集和挖掘分析,来应用于业务风险管控和精细管理、提质增效等方面,如计量器具误差分析、窃电防范、线损治理等问题上有着迫切和现实的需求。因此,出于对电力市场和其未来可延伸的工业大数据分析领域增长空间的看好,志翔科技作出了在电力大数据方向上延展和加大投入的决策。志翔科技的安全产品平台,原本就基于大数据架构和底层技术平台自主研发设计,经过几年在安全领域应用的不断打磨迭代,底层大数据分析平台已具备精细化分析海量电力大数据的潜力和能力。在此基础上志翔开始大力投入于电力业务的学习和理解。从2016年起开始了数据模型结合实际业务验证的不断迭代和优化,最终以智能电能表的失准分析作为切入点,打开了电力行业的大门。并以此为起点,利用失准分析同源技术,开始逐步在电力、泛电力和能源等其他领域的大数据分析领域取得拓展成果。
电表的准确计量既关乎电费结算,又影响着各项电力技术经济指标的正确计算以及电力工业的健康发展。据了解,过去为保证电力计量的准确和安全、实现用电结算公平公正,国家计量主管部门规定,民用智能电能表以8年固定周期进行检定和更换。蒋天仪告诉记者,全国现有约6亿只在运行智能电表,按照8年到期更换要求,平均一年需换表近8000万只,所需资金投入则超过百亿元。而拆卸下来的电表,据之前某地区部分抽检的数据显示,只有不到千分之五的概率是故障的。“一刀切”式的到期更换工作,给电力企业带来在资金、人力、物力等方面的巨大投入和消耗。
2018年,志翔科技推出智能电能表状态评价与更换第一代产品。“通过分析这些用电数据,可以远程发现什么地方的电表有问题,有问题再去有针对性的检测更换,避免造成浪费。”蒋天仪说,目前,该产品已服务于全国30多个网省超过5亿只电表,极大改善了原有的智能电能表状态评估模式,在不停电的情况下在线对智能电能表进行检定,发现运行误差,每年为电力企业节省数十亿换表和运营成本,同时减少数千吨电子垃圾。
“行业发展已从过去的‘粗放型’转变成‘精细化’。精细化发展的前提是对业务数据以及业务状态有更加精确的了解,才可以做到更好的数字化管理。”在蒋天仪看来,电力行业是大数据应用的优质沃土,电力市场蕴藏着丰富数据价值待挖掘。
监制:张宁 李政葳
采访/撰文:李飞 孔繁鑫
后期:刘昊
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)