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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

用脚步丈量祖国大地，向世界讲好中国故事******

用脚步丈量祖国大地，向世界讲好中国故事

讲述人：中国人民大学新闻学院党委副书记、教授闫岩

　　党的二十大报告明确指出，要“加强全媒体传播体系建设，塑造主流舆论新格局”“加强国际传播能力建设，全面提升国际传播效能，形成同我国综合国力和国际地位相匹配的国际话语权”。这两个“加强”凸显了新闻舆论工作的重要性。作为一名新闻传播学教师，我深感使命光荣，重任在肩。

　　2022年4月25日，习近平总书记在中国人民大学考察调研时指出，“希望广大青年用脚步丈量祖国大地，用眼睛发现中国精神，用耳朵倾听人民呼声，用内心感应时代脉搏，把对祖国血浓于水、与人民同呼吸共命运的情感贯穿学业全过程、融汇在事业追求中”。这对新闻传播学高等教育提出的要求，就是要培养一批真正认识中国、了解中国、热爱中国的新闻人才。

　　中国人民大学新闻学院长期开展的“田野课堂”特色教学项目，正是为实现这个人才培养目标服务的。我们带领学生走进偏远山区和边疆民族地区，走进县级融媒体中心和全球领军的互联网企业，让学生们亲眼见到新时代十年的伟大变革，亲身感受祖国建设的伟大成就和社会主义制度的优越性，从而立志成长为党的政策主张的传播者、时代风云的记录者、社会进步的推动者、公平正义的守望者。

　　我自2021年3月带队启动“中华人民共和国脱贫攻坚口述史”项目，迄今已带领本院师生1000余人次走过5省19市65个前国家级贫困县（市、区）访谈各地县（市、区）级主要领导、脱贫攻坚和乡村振兴工作干部、驻村第一书记、脱贫户代表等逾800人。从大别山麓到滇缅边境，从乌江画廊到湘江水畔，学生们扛着摄影机、背着摄像机、架着无人机，记录下祖国的山乡巨变、民众的笑声与呼声。

　　去年10月以来，新闻学院党委带领全体师生不断深入学习党的二十大精神，开设“中国式现代化大讲堂”、举办新闻传播拔尖创新人才培养高端论坛、组织主题党日活动、开展联合学习等，积极推进党的二十大精神进教材、进课堂、进头脑，用党的创新理论培根铸魂、启智润心。在这些活动中我们发现，参加过“田野课堂”的学生，明显对中国式现代化的理论内涵与实践要求更有共鸣。田野实践使同学们更坚实地增强“四个自信”，更自觉地践行“两个维护”；使他们更能坚定立场、明辨是非，不为各种矮化曲解、挑拨离间、混淆视听的言论所迷惑；使他们能够基于自己的亲身经验向世界讲述有血有肉的中国故事，基于自己的专业技能向全球传递可信可敬的中国声音。

　　几十年来，中国人民大学新闻学院为党和国家培养了无数卓越新闻传播人才。作为新时代新闻传播学一线教师，我们将以实际行动贯彻党的二十大精神，聚焦全媒体传播体系建设和国际传播能力建设，为党和国家培养更多更优秀的新闻传播人才。

　　《光明日报》（ 2023年01月10日 05版）

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

[责编：天天中]

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