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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

全国首例非法投放外来物种民事公益诉讼案一审宣判******

　　中新网2月3日电 据江苏省高级人民法院官方微信消息，2023年2月3日，南京环境资源法庭在常州市金坛区人民法院公开开庭审理南京市人民检察院提起的全国首例非法投放外来物种民事公益诉讼案并当庭宣判。

　　南京环境资源法庭经审理查明，2020年12月，被告徐某在未向主管部门报告的情况下，从被告刘某处购买黑鱼、鲶鱼用于放生。2020年12月15日上午，徐某在钱资湖准备放生，遇有工作人员阻止，现场同时也有群众阻止并报警，徐某等人遂前往长荡湖温洛港桥附近，放生由刘某运至现场的鲶鱼25000斤，后大量鲶鱼死亡。12月20日，常州市金坛区、溧阳市长荡湖渔政监督大队开始组织人员打捞，截止2021年2月9日，共计打捞10天，累计打捞出死亡鲶鱼20208斤。

　　经中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心鉴定，投放的鲶鱼为革胡子鲶，系外来物种。华南师范大学专家意见认为，案涉放生行为对长荡湖渔业资源造成的直接损害补偿(赔偿)费不少于7427.6元至44565.5元，对长荡湖生态环境造成损害至修复完成期间的服务功能损失5000元至6000元。另，专家评估费用为18000元。

　　庭审过程中，南京森林警察学院刘昌景博士作为专家辅助人出庭说明外来物种及外来物种入侵的概念、并对放生外来物种的危害、禁止肆意放生外来物种进行了充分阐述。

　　南京环境资源法庭认为，徐某、刘某在未向当地的渔业行政主管部门报告的情况下，自行向长荡湖投放大量外来物种的行为违反国家规定，导致了该水域环境要素和生物要素的不利改变，造成了生态损害，应当承担生态损害赔偿责任并在服务功能损失范围内适用惩罚性赔偿。法院依法判决被告徐某、刘某对其非法投放外来物种革胡子鲶所造成的生态资源损失30000元、服务功能损失5000元、专家评估费18000元共同承担连带赔偿责任；连带承担惩罚性赔偿5000元；并将上述赔偿款项在科学论证后拟定方案用于长荡湖生态环境修复和生态环境保护法治宣传。

　　外来物种入侵是威胁国家生物多样性、生态安全和公众健康的重大安全问题，已经上升至国家安全战略的高度。缺乏科学指导和法律监管的盲目放生会对本地的生态系统造成损害，并对生物安全带来巨大风险，应当承担相应的法律责任。

　　本案是因非法投放外来物种引发的民事公益诉讼案件。南京环境资源法庭严格执行《中华人民共和国生物安全法》，在全国范围内率先审理投放外来物种民事公益诉讼案，充分体现了落实生物多样性国家保护战略和维护国家生物安全的司法担当，并探索将惩罚性赔偿资金用于生物安全风险防范事项，向社会公众普及外来物种入侵危害，引导公众树立生物安全理念，自觉遵守生态环境保护法律法规，科学合法地开展放流活动。

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）